Morocco Promotes Tourism in Western Sahara Amid Control Concerns

Morocco is actively encouraging tourists to visit Western Sahara, a region it has long sought to integrate more deeply into its national identity. This push comes amid concerns that Morocco is tightening its control over the territory, which is also claimed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

The Tourism Campaign

In October 2023, Morocco's tourism agency launched a campaign aimed at showcasing Western Sahara as a unique travel destination. The agency aims to attract an additional 1 million tourists to the region over the next two years. This promotion is part of a broader strategy to enhance Morocco's tourism revenue, which made up over 7% of the country’s GDP in previous years.

Tourism Minister Fatim-Zahra Ammor stated that the government wants to highlight the region's stunning landscapes and cultural heritage, appealing to adventure seekers and eco-tourists. However, many view this initiative as a way to solidify Morocco's claim over a region that has historically been contentious.

Historical Context of Western Sahara

The conflict over Western Sahara dates back to 1975 when Spain withdrew, leading to a territorial dispute between Morocco and the SADR. Morocco claims the area as part of its sovereign territory, while the SADR fights for independence. Despite a United Nations-led process to reach a peaceful resolution, no final settlement has been achieved.

The tension has resulted in sporadic conflicts and a lengthy standoff, creating a complex backdrop for Morocco's recent tourism efforts. Critics argue that promoting tourism in the region risks normalising Moroccan sovereignty claims, undermining the Sahrawi struggle for self-determination.

International Reactions

Internationally, reactions have been mixed. Some tourism operators expressed enthusiasm, seeing potential for economic growth and development in the region. However, human rights organisations have condemned the Moroccan government’s approach, warning that increased military presence and control may follow the influx of tourists.

Human Rights Watch slammed the campaign, stating that it could contribute to the ongoing repression of Sahrawi activists. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation has also urged Morocco to respect the rights of the Sahrawi people, emphasising the need for a fair solution to the territorial dispute.

The United States Connection

Morocco's stance on Western Sahara remains a touchstone in its relationship with the United States. In December 2020, former President Donald Trump recognised Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara in exchange for Morocco normalising relations with Israel. This agreement, part of the Abraham Accords, has complicated U.S. foreign policy in the region.

As Morocco strengthens its control over Western Sahara, the U.S. faces pressure to reassess its support for the kingdom. The Biden administration has emphasised a commitment to human rights, which could lead to a recalibration of its position on this sensitive issue.

Future Implications

As Morocco rolls out its tourism campaign, the situation in Western Sahara is poised for significant developments. Increased tourism could change the region's economic landscape, but it may also exacerbate tensions with the Sahrawi people.

Watch for potential changes in U.S. policy or international responses in the coming months as Morocco's control over Western Sahara continues to evolve. The Moroccan government appears determined to integrate the region into its national framework, but the long-standing dispute is far from being resolved.